Cities are often seen as having a negative impact on climate change. In the minds of many people, cities are intrinsically associated with pollution, whereas leafy suburbs are seen as the epitome of a greener way of life.
However, the modern reality is very different and recent data overwhelmingly shows that city-dwellers have a much smaller carbon footprint than people living in rural and suburban areas. Cities are now the most efficient places for people to live and the battle to slow climate change will have to start in cities.
Most of the world’s population will live in cities in the future
In 1950, only 30% of the world’s population lived in cities. It has been estimated that this figure will have grown to 63% by 2035. And by the end of the century, as much as 90% of the global population could be living in urban areas. If the climate change goals outlined in the Paris Agreement are to be achieved, there will need to be engagement with the masses. And as most of us will be living in cities in the future, it makes sense that the solution to climate change will reside there too.
Cities are incredibly efficient
Cities are an essential lever in the battle to reduce greenhouse gases and conserve energy.
People who live in cities tend to live in apartments, which are more energy-efficient than houses. The energy costs for high density housing, such as apartments, are about 30% lower than for a house. As apartments are clustered together, heating costs will invariably be lower. And as many new apartment buildings now have installed energy systems, such as solar panels, energy costs can be even lower.
If the UK is to meet its government-set target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, higher levels of population density will be crucial. The larger a city grows, the more efficient it becomes. This is the theory of urban metabolism, which explains why cities become more productive and inventive as they expand in size.
Cities are innovation hubs
For centuries cities have been centres of culture and commerce. They are the source of some of the world’s greatest ideas, and we think they will undoubtedly provide the ideas and policies to reduce climate change.
Big cities attract people seeking job opportunities or to attend university. Industries are now increasingly clustering together in cities, allowing ideas and new technologies to be shared. Universities attract talented students who often stay and work in the city or create companies after graduation. This is the power of urbanisation.
Higher use of public transport helps to reduce our carbon footprint
People living in cities are less likely to own a car and more likely to travel to work on public transport or by bike. If they need to use a car they may access a car sharing scheme, rather than buying their own car. All of this leads to a smaller carbon footprint than for someone living in a rural area.
Big cities have extensive networks of public transport, which includes buses, trains, trams, riverboats and cycle hire schemes. And as more people use these services, governments spend more money on upgrading and extending them, which in turn leads to greater use, thereby cutting emissions further.
Cities can work together to tackle climate change
The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a group of 94 cities around the world, representing around 700 million people and 25% of the world’s economy. Formed in 2005, C40 illustrates the power that global cities have in tackling climate change as a united force.
The elected mayors of the 94 cities in the group have committed to delivering some of the most ambitious goals in the Paris Agreement. They acknowledge that cities hold the answer to tackling climate change. Cities are increasingly vulnerable to the threat posed by climate change. By working together with other cities and utilising new technologies, they are best placed to tackle the challenge
Cities will play a vital role in achieving climate change targets
A number of leading countries around the world have set themselves targets to achieve zero net emissions. Before leaving office, former UK prime minister Theresa May pledged to cut the country’s greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050, saying that there was a “moral duty to leave this world in a better condition than what we inherited.” Cities currently consume 78% of the world’s energy and produce more than 60% of the world’s carbon. As such, tackling climate change will have to begin in cities.
You can find more of our insights into global cities here.
Our global cities index can be found here. It uses a number of factors to identify the most economically vibrant cities across the world. Cities are then ranked in the index to provide a view of where some of the biggest global real estate opportunities lie.
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